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{{Infobox Celebrity| name = Peter Benchley| image = Peter Benchley.jpg| caption = Benchley being interviewed about
Jaws| birth_date = | birth_place = New York City| occupation = [Author, [1940 – February 11,
2006) was an
United States author best known for writing the novel
Peter Benchley#Jaws and co-writing the screenplay for its highly successful
Jaws (film). The success of the book led to publishers commissioning books about mutant rats, rabid dogs and the like threatening communities. The subsequent film directed by Steven Spielberg and co-written by Benchley is generally acknowledged as the first summer blockbuster.Benchley also wrote
The Deep and
The Island (1979 novel) which were also adapted into films.
Early life
Benchley was from a
literary family. He was the son of author
Nathaniel Benchley and grandson of
Algonquin Round Table founder Robert Benchley. His younger brother,
Nat Benchley, is a writer and actor. Peter Benchley was an alumnus of Phillips Exeter Academy and Harvard University.
After graduating college, he worked for
The Washington Post, then as an
editing at
Newsweek and a speechwriter in the White House. He developed the idea of a man-eating shark terrorising a community after reading of a fisherman Mundus catching a 4,550 pound
Great White Shark off the coast of Long Island in 1964.
Jaws
Doubleday editor
Tom Congdon saw some of Benchley's articles and invited Benchley to lunch to discuss some ideas for books. Congdon was not impressed by Benchley's proposals for non-fiction but was interested in his idea of a novel about a great white shark terrorizing a beach resort. Congdon offered Benchley an advance of $1,000 leading to the novelist submitting the first 100 pages. Much of the work had to be rewritten as the publisher was not happy with the initial tone.
Jaws was published in 1974 and became a great success, staying on the bestseller list for some 44 weeks. Steven Spielberg has said that he initially found many of the characters unsympathetic and wanted the shark to win. Book critics such as Michael Rogers of
Rolling Stone Magazine shared the sentiment but the book struck a chord with readers. People in the know immediately recognized some of the characters as having been based on real life, especailly "Quint" who was based on sharkfisherman Frank Mundus and the Marine Biologist "Winch" who was based on "Wes" Pratt.
Benchley co-wrote the screenplay with
Carl Gottlieb (along with the uncredited Howard Sackler and
John Milius, who provided the first draft of the memorable
USS Indianapolis (CA-35) speech) for the Spielberg film released in 1975. Benchley made a
cameo appearance as a news reporter on the beach. The film, starring
Roy Scheider, Richard Dreyfuss and Robert Shaw (actor), was released in the summer season, traditionally considered to be the graveyard season for films. However,
Universal Studios decided to break tradition by releasing the movie with extensive television advertising. Tautly edited by Verna Fields, featuring an ominous score by
John Williams and infused with such an air of understated menace by director
Steven Spielberg that he was hailed as the heir apparent to "Master of Suspense" Alfred Hitchcock,
Jaws (film) became the first movie to gross $100 million at the US box office. It eventually grossed $450 million globally.
George Lucas used a similar strategy in 1977 for
Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope which broke the box office records set by
Jaws, and hence the summer
Blockbuster (entertainment) was born. The film spawned three sequels, none of which matched the success of the original critically or commercially, two video games, "Jaws (video game)" in 1987 and "Jaws Unleashed" in 2006; both met with mostly negative critical attention. The film was also adapted into a
JAWS (ride) at Universal Studios Florida (in
Orlando, Florida and
Hollywood, California), and two musical theatre: "JAWS The Musical!", which premiered in the summer of 2004 at the Minnesota Fringe Festival; and "Giant Killer Shark: The Musical", which premiered in the summer of 2006 at the Toronto Fringe Festival.
Benchley estimated that he earned enough from book sales, film rights and magazine/book club syndication to be able to work independently as a film writer for ten years "Peter Benchley",
Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2003.
Subsequent career
His reasonably successful second novel,
The Deep, is about a honeymooning couple discovering two sunken treasures on the Bermuda reefs -- 17th century Spanish gold and a fortune in World War Two-era morphine -- who are subsequently targeted by a drug syndicate. This 1976 novel is based on Benchley's chance meeting in
Bermuda with diver Tucker while writing a story for
National Geographic. Benchley co-wrote the screenplay for the 1977 film release, along with
Tracy Keenan Wynn and an uncredited Tom Mankiewicz. Directed by
Peter Yates and starring Robert Shaw (actor),
Nick Nolte and
Jacqueline Bisset,
The Deep (film) was the second-highest grossing release of 1977 after
Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, although its box office tally fell well short of
Jaws (film).
The Island, published in 1979, was a story of descendants of 17th century pirates who terrorize pleasure craft in the Caribbean, providing a logical explanation to the
Bermuda Triangle mystery. Benchley again wrote the screenplay for the film adaptation. But the movie version of
The Island (1980 film), starring
Michael Caine and David Warner (actor), failed at the box office when released in 1980.
During the 1980s, Benchley wrote three novels that did not sell as well as his previous works. However,
Girl of the Sea of Cortez, a beguiling
John Steinbeck-type fable about man's complicated relationship with the sea, was far and away his best reviewed book and has attracted a considerable cult following since its publication.
Sea of Cortez signposted Benchley's growing interest in ecological issues and anticipated his future role as an impassioned and intelligent advocate for redressing the current imbalance between human activities and the marine environment.
Q Clearance published in 1986 was written from his experience as a staffer in the Lyndon Johnson White House.
Rummies (aka Lush), which appeared in 1989, is a semi-autobiographical work, loosely inspired by the Benchley family's history of alcohol abuse. While the first half of the novel is a relatively straightforward (and harrowing) account of a suburbanite's descent into alcoholic hell, the second part -- which takes place at a New Mexico substance abuse clinic -- veers off into wildly improbable thriller-type territory.
He returned to nautical themes in 1991's
The Beast (novel) written about a
Giant squid threatening Bermuda.
Beast was brought to the small screen as a Television movie in 1996, under the slightly altered title
The Beast (1996 film). His next novel,
White Shark (novel), was published in 1994. The story of a Nazi-created genetically engineered shark/human hybrid failed to achieve popular or critical success with Christopher Lehmann-Haupt of the
New York Times saying it "looks more like
Arnold Schwarzenegger than any fish". ("Peter Benchley" Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2003) In 1999, the television show
Peter Benchley's Amazon was created, about a group of plane crash survivors in the middle of a vast jungle.
In the last decade of his career, Benchley wrote non-fiction works about the sea and about sharks advocating their conservation. He was a member of the National Council of Environmental Defense and a spokesman for its Oceans Program.
"If I were to try to write
Jaws today, I couldn't do it. Or, at least, the book I would write would be vastly different and, I surmise, much less successful," he said in a 1990s Smithsonian Institution lecture. "I see the sea today from a new perspective, not as an antagonist but as an ally, rife less with menace than with mystery and wonder.
"And I know I am not alone. Scientists, swimmers, scuba divers, snorkellers, and sailors all are learning that the sea is worthy more of respect and protection than of fear and exploitation.
"Today I could not, for instance, portray the shark as a villain, especially not as a mindless omnivore that attacks boats and humans with reckless abandon. No, the shark in an updated
Jaws could not be the villain; it would have to be written as the victim, for, world-wide, sharks are much more the oppressed than the oppressors.
"Every year, more than a hundred million sharks are slaughtered by man. It has been estimated that for every human life taken by a shark, 4.5 million sharks are killed by humans. And rarely for a useful purpose."
Death
Benchley died of
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive, fatal scarring of the lungs, at his home in
Princeton, New Jersey, on
February 11, 2006. He was 65. He is survived by his wife Wendy Benchley, a daughter: Tracy, and two sons: Chris and Clayton.
Work
Fiction
- 1964 Time And A Ticket
- 1974 Jaws
- 1976 The Deep
- 1979 The Island (1979 novel)
- 1982 The Girl Of The Sea Of Cortez
- 1986 Q Clearance
- 1989 Rummies ** aka Lush
- 1991 The Beast (novel)
- 1994 White Shark
- 1997 Creature
Non-fiction
See also
- The Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916
- List of bestselling novels in the United States
Film
- Jaws (film), 1975 film adaptation
- The Deep (film), 1977 film adaptation
- Jaws 2, based on characters from Jaws
- The Island (film) (1980), 1980 film adaptation
- Jaws 3, based on characters from Jaws
- Jaws: The Revenge, based on characters from Jaws
- Dolphin Cove, 1989 TV series
- The Beast (1996 film), 1996 TV film adaptation
- Peter Benchley's Creature (1998 film), 1998 TV film adaptation
- Amazon (TV series), 1999 TV series
External links
References
- Official site
-
- Peter Benchley: Rapture of The Deep
- BBC News - Author dies
- "Jaws author Peter Benchley dies"
- Find A Grave Entry
- BBC News "Rise of the blockbuster"
- BBC News "The book that spawned a monster"
- http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/b/peter-benchley/
- Photos of the first edition of Jaws
{{Persondata|NAME=Benchley, Peter Bradford|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=|SHORT DESCRIPTION=
United States writer|DATE OF BIRTH=
May 8, 1940, [2006, [New Jersey-->
{{Infobox Celebrity| name = Peter Benchley| image = Peter Benchley.jpg| caption = Benchley being interviewed about
Jaws| birth_date = | birth_place = New York City| occupation = [Author, [1940 – February 11,
2006) was an
United States author best known for writing the novel
Peter Benchley#Jaws and co-writing the screenplay for its highly successful
Jaws (film). The success of the book led to publishers commissioning books about mutant rats, rabid dogs and the like threatening communities. The subsequent film directed by
Steven Spielberg and co-written by Benchley is generally acknowledged as the first summer blockbuster.Benchley also wrote
The Deep and
The Island (1979 novel) which were also adapted into films.
Early life
Benchley was from a
literary family. He was the son of author
Nathaniel Benchley and grandson of
Algonquin Round Table founder
Robert Benchley. His younger brother,
Nat Benchley, is a writer and actor. Peter Benchley was an alumnus of
Phillips Exeter Academy and Harvard University.
After graduating college, he worked for
The Washington Post, then as an
editing at
Newsweek and a speechwriter in the
White House. He developed the idea of a man-eating shark terrorising a community after reading of a fisherman Mundus catching a 4,550 pound
Great White Shark off the coast of
Long Island in 1964.
Jaws
Doubleday editor Tom Congdon saw some of Benchley's articles and invited Benchley to lunch to discuss some ideas for books. Congdon was not impressed by Benchley's proposals for non-fiction but was interested in his idea of a novel about a great white shark terrorizing a beach resort. Congdon offered Benchley an advance of $1,000 leading to the novelist submitting the first 100 pages. Much of the work had to be rewritten as the publisher was not happy with the initial tone.
Jaws was published in 1974 and became a great success, staying on the bestseller list for some 44 weeks. Steven Spielberg has said that he initially found many of the characters unsympathetic and wanted the shark to win. Book critics such as Michael Rogers of
Rolling Stone Magazine shared the sentiment but the book struck a chord with readers. People in the know immediately recognized some of the characters as having been based on real life, especailly "Quint" who was based on sharkfisherman Frank Mundus and the Marine Biologist "Winch" who was based on "Wes" Pratt.
Benchley co-wrote the screenplay with
Carl Gottlieb (along with the uncredited Howard Sackler and
John Milius, who provided the first draft of the memorable
USS Indianapolis (CA-35) speech) for the Spielberg film released in 1975. Benchley made a cameo appearance as a news reporter on the beach. The film, starring
Roy Scheider,
Richard Dreyfuss and
Robert Shaw (actor), was released in the summer season, traditionally considered to be the graveyard season for films. However, Universal Studios decided to break tradition by releasing the movie with extensive television advertising. Tautly edited by
Verna Fields, featuring an ominous score by John Williams and infused with such an air of understated menace by director Steven Spielberg that he was hailed as the heir apparent to "Master of Suspense"
Alfred Hitchcock,
Jaws (film) became the first movie to gross $100 million at the US box office. It eventually grossed $450 million globally. George Lucas used a similar strategy in 1977 for
Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope which broke the box office records set by
Jaws, and hence the summer
Blockbuster (entertainment) was born. The film spawned three sequels, none of which matched the success of the original critically or commercially, two
video games, "Jaws (video game)" in 1987 and "
Jaws Unleashed" in 2006; both met with mostly negative critical attention. The film was also adapted into a JAWS (ride) at
Universal Studios Florida (in Orlando, Florida and Hollywood, California), and two
musical theatre: "JAWS The Musical!", which premiered in the summer of 2004 at the Minnesota Fringe Festival; and "Giant Killer Shark: The Musical", which premiered in the summer of 2006 at the
Toronto Fringe Festival.
Benchley estimated that he earned enough from book sales, film rights and magazine/book club syndication to be able to work independently as a film writer for ten years "Peter Benchley", Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2003.
Subsequent career
His reasonably successful second novel,
The Deep, is about a honeymooning couple discovering two sunken treasures on the Bermuda reefs -- 17th century Spanish gold and a fortune in World War Two-era morphine -- who are subsequently targeted by a drug syndicate. This 1976 novel is based on Benchley's chance meeting in Bermuda with diver Tucker while writing a story for
National Geographic. Benchley co-wrote the screenplay for the 1977 film release, along with Tracy Keenan Wynn and an uncredited Tom Mankiewicz. Directed by
Peter Yates and starring
Robert Shaw (actor), Nick Nolte and
Jacqueline Bisset,
The Deep (film) was the second-highest grossing release of 1977 after
Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, although its box office tally fell well short of
Jaws (film).
The Island, published in 1979, was a story of descendants of 17th century pirates who terrorize pleasure craft in the Caribbean, providing a logical explanation to the
Bermuda Triangle mystery. Benchley again wrote the screenplay for the film adaptation. But the movie version of
The Island (1980 film), starring
Michael Caine and David Warner (actor), failed at the box office when released in 1980.
During the 1980s, Benchley wrote three novels that did not sell as well as his previous works. However,
Girl of the Sea of Cortez, a beguiling John Steinbeck-type fable about man's complicated relationship with the sea, was far and away his best reviewed book and has attracted a considerable cult following since its publication.
Sea of Cortez signposted Benchley's growing interest in ecological issues and anticipated his future role as an impassioned and intelligent advocate for redressing the current imbalance between human activities and the marine environment.
Q Clearance published in 1986 was written from his experience as a staffer in the
Lyndon Johnson White House.
Rummies (aka Lush), which appeared in 1989, is a semi-autobiographical work, loosely inspired by the Benchley family's history of alcohol abuse. While the first half of the novel is a relatively straightforward (and harrowing) account of a suburbanite's descent into alcoholic hell, the second part -- which takes place at a New Mexico substance abuse clinic -- veers off into wildly improbable thriller-type territory.
He returned to nautical themes in 1991's
The Beast (novel) written about a
Giant squid threatening Bermuda.
Beast was brought to the small screen as a Television movie in 1996, under the slightly altered title
The Beast (1996 film). His next novel,
White Shark (novel), was published in 1994. The story of a Nazi-created genetically engineered shark/human hybrid failed to achieve popular or critical success with Christopher Lehmann-Haupt of the
New York Times saying it "looks more like Arnold Schwarzenegger than any fish". ("Peter Benchley" Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2003) In 1999, the television show
Peter Benchley's Amazon was created, about a group of plane crash survivors in the middle of a vast jungle.
In the last decade of his career, Benchley wrote non-fiction works about the sea and about sharks advocating their conservation. He was a member of the National Council of Environmental Defense and a spokesman for its Oceans Program.
"If I were to try to write
Jaws today, I couldn't do it. Or, at least, the book I would write would be vastly different and, I surmise, much less successful," he said in a 1990s Smithsonian Institution lecture. "I see the sea today from a new perspective, not as an antagonist but as an ally, rife less with menace than with mystery and wonder.
"And I know I am not alone. Scientists, swimmers, scuba divers, snorkellers, and sailors all are learning that the sea is worthy more of respect and protection than of fear and exploitation.
"Today I could not, for instance, portray the shark as a villain, especially not as a mindless omnivore that attacks boats and humans with reckless abandon. No, the shark in an updated
Jaws could not be the villain; it would have to be written as the victim, for, world-wide, sharks are much more the oppressed than the oppressors.
"Every year, more than a hundred million sharks are slaughtered by man. It has been estimated that for every human life taken by a shark, 4.5 million sharks are killed by humans. And rarely for a useful purpose."
Death
Benchley died of
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive, fatal scarring of the lungs, at his home in
Princeton, New Jersey, on
February 11,
2006. He was 65. He is survived by his wife Wendy Benchley, a daughter: Tracy, and two sons: Chris and Clayton.
Work
Fiction
Non-fiction
- 1994 Ocean Planet: Writings and Images of the Sea
- 2001 Shark Trouble: True Stories About Sharks and the Sea
- 2002 Shark!: True Stories and Lessons from the Deep
- 2005 Shark Life: True Stories About Sharks and the Sea (with Karen Wojtyla)
See also
Film
- Jaws (film), 1975 film adaptation
- The Deep (film), 1977 film adaptation
- Jaws 2, based on characters from Jaws
- The Island (film) (1980), 1980 film adaptation
- Jaws 3, based on characters from Jaws
- Jaws: The Revenge, based on characters from Jaws
- Dolphin Cove, 1989 TV series
- The Beast (1996 film), 1996 TV film adaptation
- Peter Benchley's Creature (1998 film), 1998 TV film adaptation
- Amazon (TV series), 1999 TV series
External links
References
- Official site
-
- Peter Benchley: Rapture of The Deep
- BBC News - Author dies
- "Jaws author Peter Benchley dies"
- Find A Grave Entry
- BBC News "Rise of the blockbuster"
- BBC News "The book that spawned a monster"
- http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/b/peter-benchley/
- Photos of the first edition of Jaws
{{Persondata|NAME=Benchley, Peter Bradford|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=|SHORT DESCRIPTION=United States writer|DATE OF BIRTH=
May 8, 1940, [2006, [New Jersey-->
BBC NEWS | World | Americas | Jaws author Peter Benchley dies
Peter Benchley, the US author whose novel Jaws became a blockbuster movie, has died aged 65. ... US author Peter Benchley, whose novel Jaws was made into one of Hollywood's most ...
BBC NEWS | Americas | Jaws author Peter Benchley dies
Peter Benchley, the US author whose novel Jaws became a blockbuster movie, has died aged 65. ... US author Peter Benchley, whose novel Jaws was made into one of Hollywood's most ...
Peter Benchley - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Peter Bradford Benchley (May 8, 1940 – February 11, 2006) was an American author best known for writing the novel "Jaws" and co-writing the screenplay for its highly successful ...
Peter Benchley
A bibliography of Peter Benchley's books, with the latest releases, covers, descriptions and availability.
Peter Benchley
Mini Biography: The son of highly respected children's books author Nathaniel Benchley, novelist... more
Peter Benchley - Telegraph
Author of Jaws, one of the most successful first novels ever written and later a hit on the big screen.
Peter Benchley's Website
Website of Peter Benchley, author (JAWS and SHARK TROUBLE), lecturer, environmentalist and diver.
Peter Benchley | Times Online Obituary
Obituary for Peter Benchley from The Times and Sunday Times. “NEARLY half the fish had come clear of the water, and it slid forward and down in a belly-flopping motion, grinding ...
Peter Benchley - Channel 4 Film
The UK's most comprehensive film site with over 10,000 film reviews, 100,000 filmographies, 1000 DVD reviews movie news and listings ... Be the first to rate this person
ORBzine - 2004 UK Television Review: "Peter Benchley's Amazon"
soon ORBzine sf science speculative fiction fantasy fanzine magazine zine lo386500 ... C. Thomas Howell as Dr. Alex Kennedy Carol Alt as Karen Oldham Chris Martin as Jimmy Stack ...